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A Risky Winter Rescue Is Going Down At the South Pole. Here’s How

One of the 48 people holed up for the winter at the South Pole’s Amundsen-Scott research station has fallen ill, and a Canadian aircrew has been dispatched to retrieve the patient from the perpetually dark deep freeze of Antarctica’s winter. 

ALSO: A Mysterious Death at the South Pole[1]

This is no normal rescue. There are no regular flights into the South Pole between February and October — and a winter evacuation has been ordered only twice before. The National Science Foundation (NSF), which manages U.S. Antarctic research programs, won’t identify the patient or the illness, but, says NSF spokesman Peter West, “I think you can extrapolate from the fact that we're doing a flight at this time of year, and the fact that we’ve waived the considerations of the health of the patient and the safety of the crews, that it is a serious situation."

While the sun hasn’t crept above the horizon since March, winter in the Southern Hemisphere officially started Monday. Temperatures at the pole typically run around -75 degrees this time of year — cold enough to freeze fuel and turn the hydraulic fluid used to operate an aircraft’s landing gear to jelly.

RELATED: Explorers Hall of Fame, 1900-2016[2]

Landing at the South Pole involves touching down on a runway of groomed snow atop the continent’s two-mile-thick ice sheet, with the flight crew straining to pick out the runway in whiteout conditions, says New York Air National Guard Lt. Col. Dave Panzera. “You don’t want to be making mistakes,” he says. “There’s a lot of things that can be gotchas down there, from the terrain to the weather to the ice itself.”

The planes en route to the station are two De Havilland Twin Otters, high-latitude workhorses capable of landing on short, snowy runways with skis. They’re flown by the Canadian airlift company Kenn Borek, and can operate in temperatures as low as -100 degrees.

The plan is to stop first at the British research station at Rothera, about 600 miles from South America. When weather permits, one plane will make the 1,500-mile flight to the pole; the other will stay in Rothera as a search-and-rescue craft, West said.

Panzera flies much larger LC-130H transports for the Guard’s 109th Airlift Wing, which supplies Antarctic research stations in the summer. It was the 109th that retrieved Dr. Jerri Nielsen from the polar station in October 1999, after a winter in which she had to treat herself for breast cancer before being evacuated.

“The South Pole can become somewhat of a milk run, but I never take it for granted,” he says. “You’ll have that moment on a go-around or on a landing that will remind you, ‘Hey, there’s nothing routine about this.’ ”

Kenn Borek, which has flown in the Antarctic since the late 1980s, lost a Twin Otter and its three-man crew in January 2013, when it crashed into the side of a mountain near the coast.

“These are some intrepid men and women who fly those aircraft,” he said. “They do an amazing job. It’s just a very unforgiving place.” 

References

  1. ^ ALSO: A Mysterious Death at the South Pole (www.mensjournal.com)
  2. ^ RELATED: Explorers Hall of Fame, 1900-2016 (www.mensjournal.com)
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How to See the Summer Solstice Full Moon Tonight

Solstice Moonrise, Cape Sounion Credit: Anthony Ayiomamitis (TWAN)

On Monday, you will be able to witness something in the night sky that isn't seen often, but is a sight to see: a full moon on the night of the summer solstice. “Because the solstice is not on exactly the same day each year, it’s actually much rarer to get the full moon on a solstice,” Dr. Angela Speck, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Missouri, says.[1]

RELTED: The Health Benefits of Sunshine[2]

Just how rare? Well, that’s a numbers game. As Speck explains, we get a full moon every 29.5 days – so the precise day that the moon is full is constantly changing. If you add up the days, the total of 12 lunar phase cycles is only 354 days. Therefore, the cycle of the solstice full moon is about 19 years long. But because the solstice is not on exactly the same day each year (because of leap years), that causes the solstice full moon to be an infrequent occurrence.

For Monday night’s show in the sky, the "strawberry moon" (nicknamed for its hue and seasonal appearance) will be showing up late. The summer solstice is the longest day of the year — and at about 17 hours of daylight, the moon won’t have a lot of time to shine. “The moon won’t be visible until it rises — and it can’t right until the sun sets,” Speck says. “Because of the tilt of the earth at this time of the year, we will get a much later moonrise.”

RELATED: Watch Danny MacAskill Ride Under a Solar Eclipse[3]

When the moon does rise, it will be full and have a slightly amber-hue. The rise will be about two hours after the solstice — in the eight o’clock hour (8:41 p.m. Eastern Standard Time) along the East Coast.

Be prepared for a totally different experience next summer, when a complete total solar eclipse will cover the continental USA in August 2017[4]. It will be the first total solar eclipse since 1979, and the first one to cross the continent from ocean to ocean since 1918.

References

  1. ^ Dr. Angela Speck (web.missouri.edu)
  2. ^ RELTED: The Health Benefits of Sunshine (www.mensjournal.com)
  3. ^ RELATED: Watch Danny MacAskill Ride Under a Solar Eclipse (www.mensjournal.com)
  4. ^ USA in August 2017 (www.eclipse2017.org)
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Shelter of the Week: A Dwelling for Reindeer Herders in the Swedish Lapland

The Place: On the wild plains of Scandinavia’s northernmost reaches, a nomadic indigenous people with a history predating the Vikings take shelter in teepee-style homes scattered across the four nations they inhabit — Norway, Sweden, Russia, and Finland — while traveling with reindeer herds. They are the Sami. This particular shelter stands in Swedish Lapland, a sparsely populated region in the northernmost part of the country; the Swedish Sami refer to the shelters here as a kåta (they are known by different versions of this word in other parts of the North). 

RELATED: Shelter of the Week: A Snowboarder's Tiny House[1]

The Sami rely on the natural protection from the hills when constructing these dwellings in the windy, treeless plains of Scandinavia. In this particular kåta, a hole in the roof is usually built to allow smoke to pour out, as the Sami light fires inside to stay warm. Some Kåtas have minor modern amenities, like the window fittings perched close to the ground here.

The Cost: Free — if you can find one that’s vacant, which might not be so difficult; these days the Sami don’t actually bunker down in kåtas for long, but rather take shelter briefly as they travel with herds of reindeer.

RELATED: Shelter of the Week: The Underwater Room[2]

The Region: A massive expanse of wilderness in one of the northernmost parts of the globe (falling within the Arctic Circle), Swedish Lapland is a lonely yet breathtaking place, with under a hundred thousand people stretched over more than 42,000 square miles. In this pristine environment travelers can experience the aurora borealis and the midnight sun — 24-hour periods of constant brightness that occur in the summer, when nighttime is banished completely. Those seeking adventure often book long hikes led by Sami guides across the streams and mountains of Swedish Lapland, where arctic foxes, golden eagles, and reindeer herds can be observed as they roam freely in the wild. 

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How to Pull Off a Fat Bike-Packrafting Adventure

Take a fat bike, add 100 pounds of climbing, rafting, and camping gear, trek into scarcely chartered territory, and you’re bound to have a hell of a time. That’s exactly what Steve Fassbinder planned for when he paired up with Specialized Bicycles to tackle a first ascent of a monster butte called “The Pinnacle” and packraft the Dirty Devil River with just a few Fatboy bikes[1] to haul his and his crew’s gear for four days in the arid Utah desert.

PHOTOS: 196 Adventures, One in Each Country[2]

Fassbinder is a guy who has spent 10 days in Northern Alaska, biking and rafting the entire time without seeing another soul. But this time he brought along his buddy Adam Zurn, photographer J.R. Mankoff[3], and director Warren Kommers to help him enjoy — and document — the journey. We asked Fassbinder and his crew what it takes to combine your favorite outdoor endeavors into one epic adventure. They shared their expert advice.

Gear prep is paramount.

“Your gear is an extension of your body,” Fassbinder says. “Don’t take anything into the backcountry right out of the box. Know your gear and test everything. If your stove doesn’t work and you can’t cook or boil water, you’re going to be in trouble.”

Balance your bike.

There isn’t a lot of space on the frame of a bike, but you have to keep your supplies balanced so that you can still control your tank-like rig, says Mankoff. Each bike held six liters of water and four day’s worth of food in saddlebags, a packraft[4] and collapsible oar strapped to the front, a sleeping bag hooked in behind the seat, camping supplies strapped onto a rack, and everyone carried a backpack with clothes. To keep the heaviest gear near the bike’s center of gravity, the water, food, and packraft need to be on the rear rack, just behind the seat. Lighter gear, such as clothing, aluminum oars, and sleeping bags, can be kept on the front bars or side panniers without impeding your ability to steer. 

Ditch the tent.

When you're pedaling a 100-pound adventure mobile, every piece of gear has to be worth its weight. For trips in temperate climates, Fassbinder says that tents are an unnecessary burden when you can just sleep in your cold-weather mummy bag[5] underneath the stars. 

Schedule: Raft, camp, then bike.

“You’re going to be getting up early and moving all day, so it’s important to plan your rafting days to end on the banks of your campsite — not then biking to a campsite — so you can easily set up for biking the next day,” Fassbinder says. “It takes time, effort, and energy to set up camp, build your bike again, and deflate your raft. The less you have to do that, the easier the trip feels.” Fassbinder recommends timing the end of the rafting to coincide with the end of the day so that you can pack up your boats and set up camp all at once.

Bring bungee cords. Lots of them.

“Steve put bungee cords on our gear list, and we didn’t understand why we needed to bring so many bungees,” Mankoff says. “Then we ended up needing to strap the shit out of everything.” The group quickly learned that off-roading is a balancing act of gear on the bikes. “Things bounce around and fall off, and you can’t stop every five minutes to readjust.”

Always have a dry layer.

Fassbinder’s go-to clothes list is as follows:

  • two full thermals
  • wool socks
  • rain jacket
  • rain pants
  • puff jacket
  • fleece jacket
  • T-shirt
  • zip-off hiking pants
  • waterproof hiking shoes
  • two pairs of underwear

But according to Fassbinder, the most important part of clothes when you are switching from water to land activities is to keep a dry layer for camping. “A lot of people don’t realize that temperature variation is huge when you are in and out of the water. Always keep that one set of clothes in your dry bag. You have to have a safety layer.”

Beer is essential.

"It seems funny, but take it seriously,” Mankoff says. “At the end of a long day, you need a reward. A case of beer is worth every extra pound.” Instead of throwing a 30-rack onto the bike, Mankoff suggests splitting up the beers and keeping them in different bags to even out the weight.

References

  1. ^ Fatboy bikes (www.specialized.com)
  2. ^ PHOTOS: 196 Adventures, One in Each Country (www.mensjournal.com)
  3. ^ J.R. Mankoff (www.jrmankoff.com)
  4. ^ packraft (www.mensjournal.com)
  5. ^ cold-weather mummy bag (www.mensjournal.com)
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'Walking the Himalayas': Levison Wood's Adventures in Afghanistan

Levison Wood rarely takes the fastest route. Last year the renowned explorer wrote about his 4,250-mile journey along the Nile in Walking the Nile, [1]and his new follow-up recounts the six months he spent hiking 1,700 miles through the Himalayas. The book, Walking the Himalayas, [2]is every bit as outlandish as its predecessor. Once, Woods narrowly escapes an avalanche; later he breaks his arm going over a cliff in a cab; and then there's the time he’s forced to navigate the minefields around the politically unstable Line of Control, which divides the Pakistani and Indian regions of Kashmir. The excerpt below picks up in Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor, where he and a local guide have just been dropped off by helicopter, and their first mission is to secure a Yak to help them haul gear.

An hour later we had flown almost to the very end of the valley. With the Oxus as their guide, Oleg and the Moldovans had navigated the helicopter to within just a few miles of the Chinese frontier. The Pamir mountains loomed large and forbidding on either side. We’d left the last permanent civilisation behind – not even jeep or motorbike tracks could be seen down on the wide steppe-like landscape below. We had entered another world. Devoid of trees, houses and roads, it appeared as a wilderness like no other. Virtually untouched by man, yet unloved by nature, the barren emptiness was spine-chilling. It really was the roof of the world.

Malang shouted as we banked around, ‘The Afghans say that the Pamir is so high, even the birds must cross on foot.’

As the chopper slowly but surely hovered above the stony meadow the rotor blades blasted the earth and sent sand, dust and terrified yaks in all directions. We bounced and bumped and finally came to a standstill, but because of the extreme altitude – we had landed at almost four thousand metres – Oleg said he needed to keep the engines running while we threw out the bags into the dirt and dashed away to a safe distance. Oleg stayed in the pilot’s seat while the wrestler got out to take a piss. While he was there he took out his phone and started taking selfies of himself with the helicopter in the background. I’d almost forgotten that these airmen had never travelled this far before and it was as foreign to them as it was to me. He took one last look in my direction and shook his head.

Holding onto my hat I turned around to wave back at the helicopter and Oleg gave me a thumbs up from the cockpit. As quickly as it had landed, the machine sped up into the air, sending Malang’s scarf flying off into the dirt. Within just a few seconds the helicopter was just a tiny dot high above us and the noise died away gradually to a faint hum that disappeared into the clouds. Our transport was gone and from now on, we would be on foot.

Up here, the unbearable heat of Kabul had given way to a pleasant balminess. The sky was clear but occasional gusty winds blew up the valley, warning that the weather was liable to change at a moment’s notice. But for now at least I was happy to follow my new guide. I took off my boots and rolled up my trousers and in we went, shuffling under the heavy loads of our packs. The water was just above freezing and Malang squealed with delight.

‘Much nicer up here, no? Mountain water, cool and fresh.’

He stooped down to scoop up a handful of the chilled pond- water and threw it into his mouth. We plodded on, the water reaching our waists now, and I was beginning to regret my decision. Walking around the lake would have only added on an extra hour or so, and we could have forgone the unpleasant sensation that comes from submerging your crown jewels in an ice bath.

Yet at the same time it was a lesson learnt. We had far too much stuff. Our rucksacks were bursting with ration packs and technical gear: cameras, satellite phones, water bladders and spare clothes. We needed to reach the camp soon, if only to get help carrying the bags.

On the far side of the water, the land began to slope upwards. It wasn’t steep, but bumpy, with large undulations and dips and hillocks strewn among the gravelly plains. It meant that even though the landscape inside the valley looked fairly flat from above, at ground level it would be easy to lose the trail. Behind one such mound we came across an astonishing sight.

‘Wakhis,’ said Malang, pointing down.

I strained my eyes into the speckled morass of green, grey and brown, which reminded me of the British army camouflage pattern, only on a much vaster scale.

Then there was movement and I spotted three figures, walking about half a mile away. They were moving slowly and then I realised why. They were surrounded not by boulders, as I’d presumed, but by around five hundred sheep and goats, grazing from the short grass that flourished between the stones.

Afghan Interpreters Struggle to Find a Home in the U.S.[4]


We sat down on a boulder and waited as the mass of animals slowly drifted towards us, and with them the three men.

Malang shouted towards them and they sauntered over. They were teenagers, filthy dirty and dressed in nothing but rags. They bore sticks – prize possessions in a land without trees.

‘They work for the Kyrgyz. They look after all these sheep and goats.’ Malang grabbed a goat by its neck and picked it up, hugging the bewildered beast as it bleated protestations.

‘Where are you going?’ I asked the boy.

Malang translated. They were the vanguard of the Kutch, the Kyrgyz apparently strung out across the valley somewhere behind. We would see them soon.

So we stood still, letting the herd pour around us. Hundreds and hundreds of fat-tailed sheep and skinny little goats with coarse black and white hair. After ten minutes more figures appeared from behind the hills. A man was riding a minuscule pony with his infant son in front and his wife trailing behind on a donkey. The scene was almost biblical. The woman wore a long red velvet dress and a tall white hat. All of them had dusty, weathered faces and cracked lips, and unlike their Wakhi servants, had narrow eyes – a reminder that these people are the Central Asian descendants of the Mongol horde. Some of the last true nomads in the world, they were now cut off from their former grazing lands by politics, border disputes and all the other restrictions of the twentieth century.

The family ignored us completely. In fact they barely registered our presence. Malang strode up to the man and asked him something which I couldn’t understand. The Kyrgyz muttered something in return, and my guide returned to me.

‘So miserable, these people. Never say hello. They won’t talk to us until we are introduced to the chief. I met him before,’ said Malang. ‘They call him Ir Ali Bhai. It means very rich man. He doesn’t like me.’

‘Salaam Alaikum,’ we all chimed as the chief approached. He grunted and raised his stick above his head and gave Malang an almighty whack across the buttocks. Malang simply smiled and grabbed the chief’s hand and held it tightly.

‘Who are you?’ The chief spat the words through horrible stumpy yellow teeth. ‘Are you Taliban or Daesh? Who’s this one with the beard and strange clothes?’ He flicked a crooked finger in my direction.

Malang kept smiling.

‘It’s me, Malang Darya, from Ishkashim. We’re not Taliban, we’re tourists. This one is a foreigner from Inglistan.’

Malang went to embrace the chief but received another whack for his efforts.

‘Ouch . . . Come on, Ir Ali Bhai, you blind old goat. Give us a cup of tea and stop messing around.’

The chief grunted again and handed the reins of the camels to me and trotted off in the direction of the herd. I was slightly bewildered as to what had just happened but Malang just laughed.

‘Let’s go, English. He invites us to his new house.’

[The next] afternoon we watched as the horsemen played Buzkashi. Afghanistan’s national sport resembles polo but involves a decapitated goat and, as far as I could tell, very few rules. Vicious-looking men on horses thrashed and galloped across the steppe, attempting to keep hold of the carcass for as long as possible.

‘They learn to ride when they are three years old,’ said Malang.

Whips flailed, fur hats were trampled and horses reared up into the clear blue sky. The sound of forty hooves crashed around the stony escarpment and the whoops of the men echoed across the empty valley late into the evening. It was a lonely, bleak existence, I thought, where only the hardest survive. There was no room for the weak here.

That night we stayed with the Kyrgyz, setting up our nice new tents next to age old yurts. Malang played the game, and even blew up his air mattress for form, but I was hardly surprised when I saw him sneaking out of a yurt at dawn the next day. He’d already had a fresh cup of salty tea and had slumbered comfortably under a cosy blanket. Completely at home in the mountains, he’d slept like a baby; struggling to acclimatise and suffering from the cold, I hadn’t managed a wink. Despite being June, and sunny in the day, at night it had sunk to below zero and a thin sprinkling of snow covered all of our gear.

RELATED: Once-In-a-Lifetime Backpacking Trips[5]


For days we walked into the setting sun, sometimes it was hot, sometimes it rained, sometimes it was freezing. It was impossible to predict. At night we’d camp under a billion stars or if it snowed, in the sanctuary of a cave. Some days we passed curious shepherds, itinerant boys, and a few families migrating to the higher pastures with their sheep. Other days we saw no one at all. The Wakhi were herdsmen but they too rode yaks and we managed to find a small camp where another chief agreed to rent us the furry beasts until we reached the Pakistan border. The two Kyrgyz handlers who’d come with us had been complaining for days anyway and we were hardly sad to see them go. Malang was just happy to be back on home turf and to be speaking his native language. He was famous around these parts and everywhere we went, the Wakhi greeted him like a returning hero.

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One evening, we made a campfire with nothing but dung and a few small twigs that the men had brought from the village – valuable stuff. They must have known they were in for a cold night but hadn’t brought any tents or sleeping bags.

‘How will they get any sleep?’ I asked Malang, feeling sorry for them, and guilty for not being able to provide.

‘They are Wakhi, it’s what they do. Cold, warm, rain, snow, what to do?’ He laughed. While they huddled together around the tiny flickers, I wrapped my scarf tight around my neck, pulled my Pakol down over my ears and shuddered at the thought of sleeping rough. These were hard men. They walked around in holey leather shoes and no socks, their ragged trousers exposing frostbitten knees, and for warmth, just a waist-coast or an old woollen greatcoat. No Gore-Tex or goosedown for the Wakhi. I remembered that I had a full bottle of whisky in my bag, that I’d smuggled in on the plane. It was a good single malt but it had to be drunk before getting to Pakistan and I decided that tonight was the perfect time. I opened my bag and nudged Malang while our guides threw more dung on the flames.

‘Will they mind?’

Malang whooped with joy. ‘Mind?’ He laughed again. ‘They love a good drink. We are Ismaili here. We’re not like those Sunni Muslims. We don’t do Ramadan and look around – do you see any mosques?’

I knew that Malang would be up for some whisky but you can never be too careful offering it to complete strangers in an Islamic country – especially a policeman.

Malang asked them if they’d like a drink. I’ve never seen eyes light up quicker.

I half filled my metal army mug with some of the golden liquid and offered it to the nearest pair of hands. It was dark now and all that could be seen among the dancing shadows were flickering red faces, half concealed by turbans. It was a clear night and up above the stars appeared in light smudges against an infinite darkness. The mountains could only be made out where their own blackness interrupted the Milky Way. I shivered as an icy chill bore down the valley and for the first time since beginning the walk, I realised just how remote we really were.

The chief took my cup and gulped down the lot in one go, smacking his lips in delight.

I poured smaller measures after that, and all the men did the same, along with Malang. The entire bottle was gone in twenty minutes, and only then did they begin to sing. At first it was nothing but a gruff muffled chant but soon enough it became lyrical and Malang joined in.

‘What are you singing about?’ I asked. A snow coloured yak moved closer to the fire, his shaggy coat seeming to float through the night. He settled against a dirt mound and chewed in silence, presumably enjoying the entertainment.

‘Men and mountains. The high Pamir, and women too.’

That night, despite the frosty cold and the burden of altitude weighing like an elephant on my lungs, I slept well.

Excerpted from Walking the Himalayas by Levison Wood, copyright © 2016 by Levison Wood. 
[6]

Used with permission from Little, Brown and Company, New York. All rights reserved.

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